Sanding Volume CH

Specify Input Data

MD range  Specify a start and end MD to perform the analysis.

Production Scenario  Select a production scenario from the drop-down list. The form lists all the settings for the selected production scenario. If needed, you can adjust any setting. Do this for all the production scenarios. When you run the calculation, it is done for all the production scenarios in your case.

Analyze Perforation Orientations

The table in this section lists the available perforation orientation scenarios for the selected production scenario. Select the checkbox in the 'Use' column for the perforation orientation scenarios for which you want to perform the Sand Mass calculation. The selected data is then listed in the table in the Calculate Volume section for further use in the algorithm.

Click Re(Calculate) to execute the Load Factor calculation for every perforation from the selected perforation orientation scenarios for all your production scenarios. The table is populated:

• If the Load Factor for a perforation is greater than 1.0, that perforation is regarded as a failed perforation. The maximum Load Factor value for a perforation orientation scenario is listed in the table (Max Load Factor column), as well as the amount of failed perforations (Failed Perforations Count). The calculated values in the table are rendered in red if the Max Load Factor is greater than 1.0, an indication that this scenario produces sand.
• If the Max Load Factor is less than 1.0, the values in corresponding cells are rendered in black.

You use this information to understand which perforation orientation scenarios are better or worse, and which one(s) you want to include in the Sand Mass calculation.

Calculate Volume

The Sand Mass is calculated based on the Wilson formula (SPE 78168, Willson et al., for dry oil producers). This is an empiric formula using lb/tbbl (pounds per thousands of barrels) as unit. Before you specify or update the input parameters in the Calculate Volume section, you must select the fluid type.

• Fluid - Sanding Rate is calculated in lb/tbbl.
• Gas - Sanding Rate must be converted from the liquid based unit to a gas based unit, lb/Mft3 (pounds per million of cubic feet). The Volume Conversion Settings button is enabled. Click on it to open the Fluid Volume Conversion form, and select a conversion factor. This can either be a log or a constant.

LF Coeff  A default value is already entered. If needed, you can adjust it.

LF Power Coeff  A default value is already entered. If needed, you can adjust it.

Reynolds Number  A default value is already entered. If needed, you can adjust it.

Reynolds Number Coeff  A default value is already entered. If needed, you can adjust it.

Reynolds Number Power C  A default value is already entered. If needed, you can adjust it.

In the table, all selected perforation orientation scenarios form the Analyze Perforation Orientations are listed.

Production Rate  To convert Sanding Rate to Sand Mass, you must specify a production rate.

Field Observation Factor  When you use this factor, the calculated mass will be multiplied with this factor. You can use this multiplier in case you want to 'tie' calculated values to field observations without changing input parameters, especially when it is not clear which parameter has the highest impact on the results calculations.